Glossy Buckthorn
Frangula alnus
Glossy buckthorn was introduced in the late nineteenth century as an ornamental tree. Later, it was encouraged in the landscape for wildlife habitat and windbreaks. Now that its invasiveness is known, many Midwestern states prohibit the sale of buckthorn. 

A large shrub or small tree (tall range of 25 feet), glossy buckthorn can be identified by its dark brown bark with white "spots". It is often multi-stemmed but some cultivars will grow in a more straight manner. Alternative leaves are accentuated by berries that turn nearly black by late summer/early fall. 

Like most invasive species, the rapid growth and spread of buckthorn can cause significant habitat damage. Monocultures can develop and its thicket-style growth prevents new native plants from establishing. 
Photo credits: Gil Wojciech, Polish Forest Research Institute, Bugwood.org | Leslie J. Mehrhoff, UConn, Bugwood.org | William Fountain, University of Kentucky, Bugwood.org | Chris Evans, University of Illinois, Bugwood.org 
Learn More About Glossy Buckthorn
Glossy Buckthorn Facts
  • Does well in saturated soils and prefers mostly sunny habitats. 
  • That being said, it is tolerant of more upland areas and has also been found in forests and fields. 
  • Birds and other wildlife are the main vector of seed spread. If a buckthorn is growing in a riparian area, seed travel via water is also likely. 
Management Options
  • Try to control plants while there is only one and before they are able to go to seed and spread. 
  • Very young seedlings can be hand-pulled if entire root system can be removed. 
  • Again, if entire root system can be removed, digging buckthorn is an option. 
  • Herbicide application: Applying a liquid herbicide to a recently cut stump is highly effective. Foliar spray of dense areas is also an option.